南湖新闻网讯（通讯员 冯唐奇）近日，我校植物科学技术学院李建洪教授领衔的农药毒理学与有害生物抗药性团队在国际学术期刊Chemical Engineering Journal在线发表了题为“Elegance in simplicity: Hollow mesoporous silica inhibits pyraclonil metabolism to boost its herbicidal efficacy on Echinochloa crus-galli”的研究论文。该研究利用结构简单、成本低廉的中空介孔二氧化硅（Hollow mesoporous silica，HMS）纳米材料构建了高效的双唑草腈纳米递送体系，显著提升了双唑草腈对恶性杂草稗草的防控效果，为应对杂草抗药性风险、推动农药减量增效提供了理论依据和技术支撑。

稗（Echinochloa crus-galli）是全球水稻生产中危害最严重的杂草之一，已对多种常用除草剂产生了抗性，对水稻安全生产构成了严重威胁。双唑草腈（pyraclonil，Pyr）通过抑制杂草的原卟啉原氧化酶（PPO）活性，影响杂草的光合作用，对抗药性杂草表现出优异的防治效果，但其吸收传导性能差，仅对二叶期前的低龄杂草有效，现行登记仅限土壤处理，田间应用窗口期短，严重制约了其在抗药性杂草治理中的应用潜力。

研究团队以HMS纳米颗粒为载体负载双唑草腈，成功构建了纳米递送体系Pyr@HMS400。温室盆栽和田间试验结果均证实，该纳米体系可显著提升双唑草腈对稗草的防治效果，对三叶期稗草仍表现出优异防效，有效拓宽了其田间施药适期。该纳米体系增效机制主要体现在两方面：一方面，纳米递送体系能促进双唑草腈在稗草体内的吸收传导；另一方面，该体系可特异性抑制稗草的解毒代谢功能，减少药剂在稗草体内的代谢，从而更强地抑制稗草的光合作用，最终导致植株死亡。更为重要的是，该纳米体系对水稻代谢酶活性无显著影响，对水稻安全，表现出良好的选择性，扩大了双唑草腈的应用场景。目前，研究团队正进一步拓展该材料在不同除草剂和其他恶性杂草上的适用性，推动这一技术从实验室迈向更广的农业应用场景。

华中农业大学植物科学技术学院已毕业博士研究生冯唐奇和已毕业硕士研究生吴兰为该论文共同第一作者，华中农业大学马洪菊副教授为论文通讯作者，何顺教授参与了项目指导。本研究得到了现代农业产业技术体系（CARS-26）、国家自然科学基金（32272632）和中央高校基本科研业务费专项基金（2023ZKPY006）项目的资助。

英文摘要：Echinochloa crus-galli has developed resistance to conventional post-emergence foliar herbicides, posing a significant threat to rice production. Pyraclonil (Pyr), a contact herbicide, is only effective against E. crus-galli from the pre-emergence stage to the two-leaf stage. Here, a minimalist yet impactful approach was adopted using 400 nm hollow mesoporous silica (HMS) as a nano-carrier to prepare Pyr@HMS400, which contains 31 % Pyr. Pyr@HMS400 at 210 g a. i. ha−1 caused 99 % reduction in fresh weight of three-leaf-stage E. crus-galli, significantly higher than Pyr SC (55 %). Field trials further demonstrated its enhanced weed control efficacy. Compared to Pyr SC, Pyr@HMS400 exhibited higher translocation and reduced metabolic degradation in E. crus-galli. At 24 h post-treatment, the translocation percentage of Pyr was over twofold higher, and the metabolism rate was reduced by 18 percentage points in the Pyr@HMS400 group. Furthermore, Pyr@HMS400 significantly downregulated the expression of metabolism-related genes and notably reduced GST enzyme activity in E. crus-galli. Surprisingly, Pyr@HMS400 did not affect GST activity in rice. Additionally, Pyr@HMS400 reduced the net photosynthetic rate of E. crus-galli. These findings indicate that Pyr@HMS400 enhances pyraclonil's efficacy by facilitating its translocation and inhibiting its metabolism, and thereby increasing the amount of active ingredient that reaches the target site and strengthening its capacity to disrupt photosynthesis. The work provides a theoretical foundation for nano-herbicides as a sustainable solution to challenges in rice production.

论文链接：https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S138589472512130X

审核人：李建洪