南湖新闻网讯（通讯员 陈蔚）近日，农业微生物资源发掘与利用全国重点实验室、湖北省洪山实验室和华中农业大学植物科学技术学院卢新民教授课题组在Global Change Biology发表了题为“Decoupling responses of phyllosphere and rhizosphere bacterial communities to spatiotemporal environmental changes”的研究论文。

植物微生物组作为植物第二套基因组，具有调节植物生长发育、增强植物抗生物和非生物胁迫（如气候变化）能力等功能，在物种保护和农业可持续发展中均具重要开发价值。植物叶际和根际微生物组形成紧密的相互作用、共同调节植物适合度。然而，环境变化下植物叶际和根际微生物及两者交互作用能否保持稳定尚不清楚，成为制约实验室成果向田间应用转化的一个瓶颈。

针对这一科学问题，课题组依托神农架海拔梯度（1500米跨度），选取车前、白车轴和黄毛草莓等广泛分布的植物为对象，整合原位调查和土壤移植实验开展了研究。通过两年18个样点的连续监测发现：三种植物的根际和叶际细菌群落均表现出不同的时间变化规律，导致两者组成差异随时间延长而增大；叶际细菌群落组成受大气湿度等非生物因子影响较大，而根际细菌群落组成与植物生物学特性关联密切。跨海拔土壤移植实验表明，被移植两个月后土壤中有30%细菌类群保留了下来，而叶际菌群均招募自移植地，导致叶际和根际细菌群落组成差异随移植距离增大而增大，且该差异与移植植物生长速率正相关。

上述发现表明环境变化能够打破植物叶际和根际微生物相互作用，进而影响植物适合度；说明植物微生物组的形成和维持受器官微环境和宏观生境协同调控，为探讨植物微生物互作网络如何响应气候变化提供了新的思路。

课题组博士研究生陈蔚、朱彪和首都师范大学生命科学学院杨采青博士为该论文共同第一作者，卢新民教授为唯一通讯作者。神农架国家公园杨敬元教授和植物科学技术学院刘晓艳副教授参与了项目研究。爱沙尼亚塔尔图大学Leho Tedersoo教授和荷兰瓦赫宁根大学Rutger A. Wilschut博士参与稿件的修改。本研究获得国家自然科学基金、中央高校基本科研业务费（神农架专项）等资助。

审核人 卢新民

原文链接：https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/gcb.70175

【英文摘要】Understanding and predicting how plant-associated microbes respond to environmental changes is of key importance to understanding future plant performance. Yet, how aboveground and belowground plant-associated microbial communities, which may interactively affect plant performance, simultaneously respond to environmental changes, remains unknown. To fill this gap, we monitored temporal changes of phyllosphere and rhizosphere bacterial communities of three perennial species at 18 sites spanning a 1500 m elevational gradient. We showed distinct temporal trajectories of these community types, likely reflecting their differential responses to abiotic (e.g., air moisture) and biotic (e.g., plant specific leaf area) environmental factors. Further, using a transplantation experiment with the same plant species and their rhizosphere soils, we show that a portion of bacterial taxa from transplanted communities persisted in plants' rhizosphere 2 months after being transplanted to warmer sites. In contrast, phyllosphere communities were primarily harbored by taxa colonizing from local communities. Notably, the relative growth rate of transplanted plants at new versus original sites was positively correlated with the compositional dissimilarity between their phyllosphere and rhizosphere bacterial communities. Together, our results highlight the role of compartment-by-environment interactions in shaping the plant holobiome communities and emphasize the need to understand the impacts of such interactions on plant performance under global change.